AssTech - newsletter

The AssTech newsletter aims to provide information on current events and on the latest findings of key relevance to the world of insurance. Compact and clearly laid out, the newsletter contains specialist articles for the underwriter on exposed products or corporate risks. The newsletter will appear every 1-2 months or so.

Our risk experts are available to answer any questions you may have on individual topics, and for in-depth technical information.

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Telefax +49 89 3844-1586

Title

Issue

Cloud Computing

Abstract
3.10

A significant development in the IT environment is the transfer of data and applications into the Internet (cloud computing). This technology represents a paradigm shift for the utilisation of IT and has the potential to change companies' IT in a permanent way. As a result of this development, companies and their IT service providers have to deal with a changed risk profile with regard to both IT security and liability considerations.

CCS - Carbon capture and storage

Abstract
2.10

"Carbon capture and storage" (CCS) is a bridge technology used for the technical separation of the CO2 resulting from fossil fuel power plant processes and subsequent long-term CO2 storage (sequestration). The goal of this technology is to facilitate climate-compatible utilisation of fossil fuels in future, in particular coal. A public debate is currently under way on the risks associated with this approach, with a focus on the issue of sustainability and safety aspects of the technology.

Combustion products

Abstract
1.10

In Germany alone, according to the loss statistics, over 200,000 fires occur in a year, a figure corresponding to a fire every two or three minutes. Over EUR 1 billion are lost through fire damage to people’s homes, and quite apart from the personal injuries involved, the substances generated by combustion themselves present a significant hazard to the environment.

Parallel imports of pharmaceuticals

Abstract
5.09

Parallel imports of pharmaceuticals within the internal EU market can result in large reductions in drug expenditures. However, they are also associated with risks for the consumer because the official distribution networks and legal requirements are often purposely circumvented.

Benzene

Abstract
4.09

The industrial chemical benzene has long been considered a health hazard. Enhanced scientific and medical knowledge about its precise mechanism of action, however, has inspired the legal community to take a new look at this long-familiar claims category. Special emphasis is placed on persons with current or past exposure to benzene in the workplace.

"Chinese Drywall" plasterboard
controversy

Abstract
3.09

In the USA, a new multiple claims event is emerging involving certain plasterboards, mainly exported by China and used en masse in construction since 2004. The problem of drywall gypsum boards is that they emit foul-smelling, gaseous compounds under certain conditions which have yet to be determined. By early August 2009, the Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC received more than 800 reports from 19 countries.

Medication on the roads

Abstract
2.09

According to European Commission statistics, 43 000 people die each year in 1.3 million road accidents, whilst 1.7 million are injured. Accidents are often down to the mistakes of drivers as a result of alcohol consumption or taking medication. It is estimated that one in four accidents is directly or indirectly caused by taking medication.

Powder extinguisher

Abstract
1.09

When fire breaks out, the first priority is taking immediate steps to extinguish it. Acting quickly is the only way to prevent the fire from getting out of control. However, selecting the right extinguishing agent is also essential. Choosing the wrong one can lead to consequential losses in excess of the damage caused by the fire alone.

Autogas

Abstract
6.08

Continually rising petrol prices and demand for motor vehicles driven by new technologies have triggered a veritable boom in gas-fuelled cars and helped to make the engines that drive them more and more popular. In essence, two types of gas are used to drive cars, namely LPG and CNG.

Bisphenol A (BPA)

Abstract
5.08

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrially important chemical which has been abundantly and widely used for decades in the manufacture of plastics. However recent safety studies have reopened the question of whether there
is a risk attached to products containing BPA. This particularly relates to plastic items whose surface comes in contact with food.

Critical information infrastructures (CII)

Abstract
4.08

The interdependency of the critical infrastructures of information and communication technologies is forever on the rise. This development is confronting many key infrastructures of the state, society and the economy with new threats and vulnerabilities, which are, in turn, leaving their mark on the insurance risk landscape.

Regenerative medicine

Abstract
3.08

In the field of regenerative medicine - a relatively new branch of biomedicine funded by major international investments - high hopes are being placed on future innovative therapy approaches and curative procedures in the treatment and prevention of diseases which are currently difficult to cure. This is expected to have an impact on the insurance industry.

Bacterial foodborne infections

Abstract
2.08

According to WHO estimates, one in three people in industrialised nations falls ill once a year as the result of a foodborne infection. These are often caused by undesirable contaminants, in many cases of a bacterial nature.

Valuation determining replacement values

Abstract
1.08

In the underwriting process of property insurance, it is hard to tell whether the sum insured is the real value of the risk to be insured. This appraisal is all the more important, the higher the value of the risk.

RFID in the health sector

Abstract
6.07

The health sector makes particularly tough demands when it comes to quality assurance and the safety of patients; the use of new technologies, among them RFID systems, can help to raise safety standards while simultaneously reducing costs.

Diacetyl

Abstract
5.07

In 2000, the first descriptions appeared of workers developing a serious pulmonary disease (bronchiolitis obliterans) after having been exposed to flavouring substances at work. The widely used butter-flavouring agent Diacetyl is suspected to be the cause.

Heat-related illnesses

Abstract
4.07

Extended heatwaves in temperate climates can be particularly stressful for the human body and may lead to same serious health problems (Heat-related illnesses) in the general population.

Public Private Partnerships (PPP)

Abstract
3.07

Nowadays, a substantial volume of government investment is carried out in the form of public private partnership projects. This gives insurers the
opportunity to open up new business areas and participate in this trend, both in their home markets and in developing and emerging countries.

Lead as a pollutant

Abstract
2.07

While lawsuits relating to lead-containing paint have been under way in the US for years now, recalls are made at regular intervals for products with an excessive lead content.

Botnets - Security threat in the Internet

Abstract
1.07

Botnets are a relatively new phenomenon on the Internet crime front. Experts see them as one of the biggest Internet security threats. Attacking using botnets are targeted and are generally intended to obtain confidential information or inflict financial damage on their victims.

Laser surgery on the eye
Abstract
5.06

Next year more than 3.5 million people worldwide are expected to have laser surgery on their cornea to correct their focus and avoid permanent dependence on glasses or contact lenses. LASIK is one of the popular methods in use today.

Influenza vaccines
Abstract
4.06

Seasonal influenza (human flu) is one of the most prevalent global infectious diseases and has been in the public focus especially since the epidemic appearance of avian influenza viruses (bird flu), which triggered the scenario of an influenza pandemic.

BSE and vCJD
Abstract
3.06

The variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) was first identified in 1996. Despite a continuous decline in the number of definite or probable cases in the United Kingdom since 2000, this emerging risk remains a focus of attention as insurers identify associated risk components.

Insurance for clinical trials
Abstract
2.06

During a recent Phase I trial in the UK, the test subjects suffered unexpected life-threatening side effects. The medicine being tested (TGN1412) caused severe reactions culminating in multi-organ failure (MOF) in all six volunteers.

To provide at least financial compensation for any harm caused during clinical trials, it is customary to purchase insurance cover for the test subjects. Assessing the exposure as the basis for the liability insurer's underwriting calls for meticulous analysis of the individual risk and requires special expertise.

Ecological damage - risk capture and assessment
Abstract
1.06

Adopted in the spring 2004, the EU's Environmental Liability Directive introduced Europe-wide laws governing liability for ecological damage caused by commercial and industrial operations. Member states have until 30 April 2007 to implement the Directive in their national law.

Epidemic as a result of natural catastrophes
Abstract
6.05

In recent years, the cost to the insurance industry of natural catastrophes has been immense. This newsletter examines whether epidemics in the wake of natural catastrophes are also of relevance to insurers.

Phishing - Security threat in the Internet
Abstract
5.05

Enticing users to surrender confidential information via fraudulent e-mails and bogus websites has become a significant Internet risk.

Hydrogen
Energy source and fuel of the future
Abstract
4.05

As an alternative, renewable and environmentally friendly fuel, hydrogen is being used more and more as a source of primary energy.

Commingling and green biotechnology
Abstract
3.05

The more strains of genetically modified seed that come onto the market, the more likely it becomes that they will contaminate or be mixed up with other types of seed. If the accidentally commingled types have not been approved for use or the "contamination" is not declared, claims for compensation are inevitable.

Electrosensitivity
Abstract
2.05

People who respond hypersensitively to electromagnetic fields (EMF) experience a variety of - sometimes severe - discomforts. However, the actual connection - if any - between the cause (EMF) and these effects remains a subject of controversial debate.

Toxic mould
Abstract
1.05

Toxic mould in buildings has been cited in claims for damages in the billions in recent years, especially in the US. Expedient risk management can help both "victims" and the insurance industry to take preventative action.

Drug product withdrawal - Vioxx
Abstract
6.04

On 30 September 2004, the manufacturer of the drug Vioxx® (active ingredient: Rofecoxib) voluntarily withdrew the product from the market. In 2003 alone, the revenue generated by this pain-relief medication amounted to around US$ 2.55 bn.

Avian influenza (bird flu)
Abstract
5.04

On 9 September 2004 the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand confirmed another fatal case of infection with H5N1 avian influenza. The victim, an 18-year-old, had come into contact with infected poultry.

Phthalates - PVC plasticisers
Abstract
4.04

There is currently intensive discussion about the potential ecological and health risks of DEHP (diethylhexylphthalate), a widely used plasticiser. As of the end of 2004, DEHP and DBP (dibuthylphthalate) will be banned in the EU in preperations such as cosmetics, paints and adhesives.

Medical device safety
Abstract
3.04

While the rapid technological progress in medical devices and products has paved the way towards new options for treatment, it has also increased the risks facing the medical profession.

Nanotechnology and its fields of application
Abstract
2.04

Nanotechnology is today viewed throughout the world as a ground-breaking technology of the future. Consequently, it is attracting an increasing amount of interest, and its potential and the risks involved in it are the subject of intense discussion in the financial and insurance industries.

Flame retardants (FR)
Abstract
1.04

Flame retardants play a very important role when it comes to protecting products from the risk of fire. However, the use of flame retardants in the manufacturing industry is not without its dangers, particularly in terms of potential impact on the environment.

POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants
Abstract
6.03

The risk posed to human health by dioxins and furanes has been an issue for more than 20 years. Despite measures being taken to reduce concentrations of these toxic substances in the environment and in foodstuffs, a large part of the population still exceeds the maximum daily intake (WHO guide value).

Herbal medicines (Phytopharmaca)
Abstract
5.03

Herbal medicines (phytopharmaca) are becoming more and more popular. One reason for this is that many consumers believe that, because of their vegetable origins, these products are less likely to have harmful side effects than classical medicines. This assumption is not always correct, as the withdrawal of kava kava (Piper methysticum) from the market and the planned ban on dietary supplements containing ephedra in the US as of mid-2004 go to show.

Emerging Risks
Abstract
4.03

Emerging risks are becoming a significant issue for insurers.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Abstract
3.03

The economic significance of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) is considerable due to their use in a wide range of industrial products. Since mid-April 2003, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in the USA has been analysing the risk potential inherent in one particular PFC, a substance that has been detected across the world in both the environment and in human blood.

Statins
Abstract
2.03

The first patents for some of the group of drugs known as statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) will shortly be expiring. This will set a market segment in motion that is important both from an economic and
insurance perspective.

Hormonal contraceptives
Abstract
1.03

Experts are currently debating the risk-benefit ratio of a range of new hormonal contraceptives in response to a growing number of reports of (sometimes) serious side effects.

DDoS-Attacks in the Internet
Abstract
6.02

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are an ever increasing risk for the internet. They are becoming more frequent and are now targeting central elements of the internet´s infrastructure.

Psychoactive drugs for children
Abstract
5.02

In recent years, the number of children being treated with methylphenidate has increased dramatically.

Hormone replacement therapy
Abstract
4.02

The most extensive hormone replacement study to date terminated prematurely in May 2002 when it was discovered that the therapy increased the risk of breast cancer and heart attack.

Sonnenschutzmittel
Abstract (german)
3.02

Eine Vielzahl von UV-Filtern hat sich im Tierversuch als endokrin wirksam erwiesen.

Acrylamid
Abstract (german)
2.02

In frittierten und gebratenen stärkehaltigen
Lebensmitteln wurde die gesundheitsgefährdende Chemikalie Acrylamid nachgewiesen.

Nitrofen
Abstract (german)
1.02

Lebensmittel wurden mit dem nicht mehr
zugelassenen Herbizid Nitrofen kontaminiert.



Title		Issue


	Cloud Computing Abstract	3.10
	A significant development in the IT environment is the transfer of data and applications into the Internet (cloud computing). This technology represents a paradigm shift for the utilisation of IT and has the potential to change companies' IT in a permanent way. As a result of this development, companies and their IT service providers have to deal with a changed risk profile with regard to both IT security and liability considerations.


	CCS - Carbon capture and storage Abstract	2.10
	"Carbon capture and storage" (CCS) is a bridge technology used for the technical separation of the CO2 resulting from fossil fuel power plant processes and subsequent long-term CO2 storage (sequestration). The goal of this technology is to facilitate climate-compatible utilisation of fossil fuels in future, in particular coal. A public debate is currently under way on the risks associated with this approach, with a focus on the issue of sustainability and safety aspects of the technology.


	Combustion products Abstract	1.10
	In Germany alone, according to the loss statistics, over 200,000 fires occur in a year, a figure corresponding to a fire every two or three minutes. Over EUR 1 billion are lost through fire damage to people’s homes, and quite apart from the personal injuries involved, the substances generated by combustion themselves present a significant hazard to the environment.


	Parallel imports of pharmaceuticals Abstract	5.09
	Parallel imports of pharmaceuticals within the internal EU market can result in large reductions in drug expenditures. However, they are also associated with risks for the consumer because the official distribution networks and legal requirements are often purposely circumvented.


	Benzene Abstract	4.09
	The industrial chemical benzene has long been considered a health hazard. Enhanced scientific and medical knowledge about its precise mechanism of action, however, has inspired the legal community to take a new look at this long-familiar claims category. Special emphasis is placed on persons with current or past exposure to benzene in the workplace.


	"Chinese Drywall" plasterboard controversy Abstract	3.09
	In the USA, a new multiple claims event is emerging involving certain plasterboards, mainly exported by China and used en masse in construction since 2004. The problem of drywall gypsum boards is that they emit foul-smelling, gaseous compounds under certain conditions which have yet to be determined. By early August 2009, the Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC received more than 800 reports from 19 countries.


	Medication on the roads Abstract	2.09
	According to European Commission statistics, 43 000 people die each year in 1.3 million road accidents, whilst 1.7 million are injured. Accidents are often down to the mistakes of drivers as a result of alcohol consumption or taking medication. It is estimated that one in four accidents is directly or indirectly caused by taking medication.


	Powder extinguisher Abstract	1.09
	When fire breaks out, the first priority is taking immediate steps to extinguish it. Acting quickly is the only way to prevent the fire from getting out of control. However, selecting the right extinguishing agent is also essential. Choosing the wrong one can lead to consequential losses in excess of the damage caused by the fire alone.


	Autogas Abstract	6.08
	Continually rising petrol prices and demand for motor vehicles driven by new technologies have triggered a veritable boom in gas-fuelled cars and helped to make the engines that drive them more and more popular. In essence, two types of gas are used to drive cars, namely LPG and CNG.


	Bisphenol A (BPA) Abstract	5.08
	Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrially important chemical which has been abundantly and widely used for decades in the manufacture of plastics. However recent safety studies have reopened the question of whether there is a risk attached to products containing BPA. This particularly relates to plastic items whose surface comes in contact with food.


	Critical information infrastructures (CII) Abstract	4.08
	The interdependency of the critical infrastructures of information and communication technologies is forever on the rise. This development is confronting many key infrastructures of the state, society and the economy with new threats and vulnerabilities, which are, in turn, leaving their mark on the insurance risk landscape.


	Regenerative medicine Abstract	3.08
	In the field of regenerative medicine - a relatively new branch of biomedicine funded by major international investments - high hopes are being placed on future innovative therapy approaches and curative procedures in the treatment and prevention of diseases which are currently difficult to cure. This is expected to have an impact on the insurance industry.


	Bacterial foodborne infections Abstract	2.08
	According to WHO estimates, one in three people in industrialised nations falls ill once a year as the result of a foodborne infection. These are often caused by undesirable contaminants, in many cases of a bacterial nature.


	Valuation determining replacement values Abstract	1.08
	In the underwriting process of property insurance, it is hard to tell whether the sum insured is the real value of the risk to be insured. This appraisal is all the more important, the higher the value of the risk.


	RFID in the health sector Abstract	6.07
	The health sector makes particularly tough demands when it comes to quality assurance and the safety of patients; the use of new technologies, among them RFID systems, can help to raise safety standards while simultaneously reducing costs.


	Diacetyl Abstract	5.07
	In 2000, the first descriptions appeared of workers developing a serious pulmonary disease (bronchiolitis obliterans) after having been exposed to flavouring substances at work. The widely used butter-flavouring agent Diacetyl is suspected to be the cause.


	Heat-related illnesses Abstract	4.07
	Extended heatwaves in temperate climates can be particularly stressful for the human body and may lead to same serious health problems (Heat-related illnesses) in the general population.


	Public Private Partnerships (PPP) Abstract	3.07
	Nowadays, a substantial volume of government investment is carried out in the form of public private partnership projects. This gives insurers the opportunity to open up new business areas and participate in this trend, both in their home markets and in developing and emerging countries.


	Lead as a pollutant Abstract	2.07
	While lawsuits relating to lead-containing paint have been under way in the US for years now, recalls are made at regular intervals for products with an excessive lead content.


	Botnets - Security threat in the Internet Abstract	1.07
	Botnets are a relatively new phenomenon on the Internet crime front. Experts see them as one of the biggest Internet security threats. Attacking using botnets are targeted and are generally intended to obtain confidential information or inflict financial damage on their victims.


	Laser surgery on the eye Abstract	5.06
	Next year more than 3.5 million people worldwide are expected to have laser surgery on their cornea to correct their focus and avoid permanent dependence on glasses or contact lenses. LASIK is one of the popular methods in use today.


	Influenza vaccines Abstract	4.06
	Seasonal influenza (human flu) is one of the most prevalent global infectious diseases and has been in the public focus especially since the epidemic appearance of avian influenza viruses (bird flu), which triggered the scenario of an influenza pandemic.


	BSE and vCJD Abstract	3.06
	The variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) was first identified in 1996. Despite a continuous decline in the number of definite or probable cases in the United Kingdom since 2000, this emerging risk remains a focus of attention as insurers identify associated risk components.


	Insurance for clinical trials Abstract	2.06
	During a recent Phase I trial in the UK, the test subjects suffered unexpected life-threatening side effects. The medicine being tested (TGN1412) caused severe reactions culminating in multi-organ failure (MOF) in all six volunteers. To provide at least financial compensation for any harm caused during clinical trials, it is customary to purchase insurance cover for the test subjects. Assessing the exposure as the basis for the liability insurer's underwriting calls for meticulous analysis of the individual risk and requires special expertise.


	Ecological damage - risk capture and assessment Abstract	1.06
	Adopted in the spring 2004, the EU's Environmental Liability Directive introduced Europe-wide laws governing liability for ecological damage caused by commercial and industrial operations. Member states have until 30 April 2007 to implement the Directive in their national law.


	Epidemic as a result of natural catastrophes Abstract	6.05
	In recent years, the cost to the insurance industry of natural catastrophes has been immense. This newsletter examines whether epidemics in the wake of natural catastrophes are also of relevance to insurers.


	Phishing - Security threat in the Internet Abstract	5.05
	Enticing users to surrender confidential information via fraudulent e-mails and bogus websites has become a significant Internet risk.


	Hydrogen Energy source and fuel of the future Abstract	4.05
	As an alternative, renewable and environmentally friendly fuel, hydrogen is being used more and more as a source of primary energy.


	Commingling and green biotechnology Abstract	3.05
	The more strains of genetically modified seed that come onto the market, the more likely it becomes that they will contaminate or be mixed up with other types of seed. If the accidentally commingled types have not been approved for use or the "contamination" is not declared, claims for compensation are inevitable.


	Electrosensitivity Abstract	2.05
	People who respond hypersensitively to electromagnetic fields (EMF) experience a variety of - sometimes severe - discomforts. However, the actual connection - if any - between the cause (EMF) and these effects remains a subject of controversial debate.


	Toxic mould Abstract	1.05
	Toxic mould in buildings has been cited in claims for damages in the billions in recent years, especially in the US. Expedient risk management can help both "victims" and the insurance industry to take preventative action.


	Drug product withdrawal - Vioxx Abstract	6.04
	On 30 September 2004, the manufacturer of the drug Vioxx® (active ingredient: Rofecoxib) voluntarily withdrew the product from the market. In 2003 alone, the revenue generated by this pain-relief medication amounted to around US$ 2.55 bn.


	Avian influenza (bird flu) Abstract	5.04
	On 9 September 2004 the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand confirmed another fatal case of infection with H5N1 avian influenza. The victim, an 18-year-old, had come into contact with infected poultry.


	Phthalates - PVC plasticisers Abstract	4.04
	There is currently intensive discussion about the potential ecological and health risks of DEHP (diethylhexylphthalate), a widely used plasticiser. As of the end of 2004, DEHP and DBP (dibuthylphthalate) will be banned in the EU in preperations such as cosmetics, paints and adhesives.


	Medical device safety Abstract	3.04
	While the rapid technological progress in medical devices and products has paved the way towards new options for treatment, it has also increased the risks facing the medical profession.


	Nanotechnology and its fields of application Abstract	2.04
	Nanotechnology is today viewed throughout the world as a ground-breaking technology of the future. Consequently, it is attracting an increasing amount of interest, and its potential and the risks involved in it are the subject of intense discussion in the financial and insurance industries.


	Flame retardants (FR) Abstract	1.04
	Flame retardants play a very important role when it comes to protecting products from the risk of fire. However, the use of flame retardants in the manufacturing industry is not without its dangers, particularly in terms of potential impact on the environment.


	POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants Abstract	6.03
	The risk posed to human health by dioxins and furanes has been an issue for more than 20 years. Despite measures being taken to reduce concentrations of these toxic substances in the environment and in foodstuffs, a large part of the population still exceeds the maximum daily intake (WHO guide value).


	Herbal medicines (Phytopharmaca) Abstract	5.03
	Herbal medicines (phytopharmaca) are becoming more and more popular. One reason for this is that many consumers believe that, because of their vegetable origins, these products are less likely to have harmful side effects than classical medicines. This assumption is not always correct, as the withdrawal of kava kava (Piper methysticum) from the market and the planned ban on dietary supplements containing ephedra in the US as of mid-2004 go to show.


	Emerging Risks Abstract	4.03
	Emerging risks are becoming a significant issue for insurers.


	Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Abstract	3.03
	The economic significance of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) is considerable due to their use in a wide range of industrial products. Since mid-April 2003, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in the USA has been analysing the risk potential inherent in one particular PFC, a substance that has been detected across the world in both the environment and in human blood.


	Statins Abstract	2.03
	The first patents for some of the group of drugs known as statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) will shortly be expiring. This will set a market segment in motion that is important both from an economic and insurance perspective.


	Hormonal contraceptives Abstract	1.03
	Experts are currently debating the risk-benefit ratio of a range of new hormonal contraceptives in response to a growing number of reports of (sometimes) serious side effects.


	DDoS-Attacks in the Internet Abstract	6.02
	Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are an ever increasing risk for the internet. They are becoming more frequent and are now targeting central elements of the internet´s infrastructure.


	Psychoactive drugs for children Abstract	5.02
	In recent years, the number of children being treated with methylphenidate has increased dramatically.


	Hormone replacement therapy Abstract	4.02
	The most extensive hormone replacement study to date terminated prematurely in May 2002 when it was discovered that the therapy increased the risk of breast cancer and heart attack.


	Sonnenschutzmittel Abstract (german)	3.02
	Eine Vielzahl von UV-Filtern hat sich im Tierversuch als endokrin wirksam erwiesen.


	Acrylamid Abstract (german)	2.02
	In frittierten und gebratenen stärkehaltigen Lebensmitteln wurde die gesundheitsgefährdende Chemikalie Acrylamid nachgewiesen.


	Nitrofen Abstract (german)	1.02
	Lebensmittel wurden mit dem nicht mehr zugelassenen Herbizid Nitrofen kontaminiert.